[10]. AO2 Candidates will need to demonstrate application of knowledge and understanding in order to examine the role of marine processes in the formation of their chosen landform. Knowledge and understanding of the process of longshore drift Sadly, oil spills still occur, coating beaches, sinking to smother Ocean plant life and killing a wide variety of birds, fish and sea mammals. These plain beaches were clean, tidy, neat, even good looking. New York: ASCE, Coastal Sediments 87, pp. In this study, a fire-prone plant community (Triarrhena lutarioriparia L. Liou) was selected in Poyang lake, and a 5-year study on annual prescribed fire and corresponding monitoring were conducted in this . 2. AO2 Candidates should demonstrate application of knowledge and understanding through an examination of the extent to which one coastal management strategy has been successful. Vegetation can consolidate sand dunes, 16. The content will depend upon the landform(s) chosen and may include: [15]. Journal of Coastal Research, 14: 407417. - 161.35.97.149. There are 4 key areas which have affected the coastline: Its common in parts of the UK for Crowded Coasts to be used as a term, Many people who work in London can no longer afford housing there, so some commute in from coastal towns and cities (Brighton). the importance of time scales in the continuing development of the landform - parts of mangrove furthest from low watermark have less erosion (1). The United Nations have declared that the next decade will focus on Ocean Science and ecosystem restoration. An examination of the scale of the role of erosional processes subaerial processes of weathering and mass movement including landslides, slumps and rock falls. Candidates should show knowledge and understanding of negative impacts such as pollution of waters and beaches, factors that can influence deposition in a negative way e.g. Human [8], AO1 Sheringham has highest wind erosion Remind students that many human activities not associated with the marine environment can also affect ocean ecosystems. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Coastal Engineering Research Center. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how S. alternation invasion affects the carbon storage capacity of coastal wetlands as carbon pools through bacterial changes. Human activities pose a threat to Seagrass beds because of boating, stepping on the seagrass, which damage the root system, dredging, pollution and construction practices. The Evidence Statement was reviewed by a steering group of experts from Cefas, Defra, Marine Management Organisation, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, University of Aberdeen, University of Exeter, and University of Hull. The specification lists these as beaches, spits, bars, tombolos and cuspate forelands. Midnight Pass, Florida: inlet instability due to man-related activities in Little Sarasota Bay. Many countries have taken steps to ban single use plastic items like straws, drink stirrers and cotton buds. Size of particles - some places consist of particle sizes easier to erode by wind e.g. [5], High energy characteristics: period of time have increased the size of the beach. Your answer should include: Swimming / Living / Sunbathing. Many of such structures cause more problems than they solve. ), Coastal and Estuarine Environments: Sedimentology, Geomorphology, and Geoarchaeology. You can also search for this author in Various structures such as seawalls, groins, and breakwaters have been constructed to help protect beaches from erosion. [6], Generally increased erosion over time in the south of the photography (reference to dates) or development of example, 20. Headlands Location 1 1960 - Location 2 1969 advancement Having said this, physical factors also have significant impacts across coastal landscapes. Distances between collection points? Shore Protection Manual, Volume 1. The waves, wind, tides and currents all play a part in the mechanism that is coastal erosion. The Human Impact on Coastal Landscape. Davis, R.A., Jr., and Barnard, P.L., 2000. Overall, there are many ways whereby human activities have caused problems for a broad spectrum of coastal environments. There are even implications now as they add more sand. Geological Society, London, pp 293303, Davis RA, Hine AC, Bland MJ (1987) Midnight Pass, Florida: inlet instability due to man-related activities in Little Sarasota Bay. Candidates may refer to the fact that where successful management strategies are implemented, negative impacts are mitigated. The formation of landforms over one or more of these time scales should be related to processes. Both approaches seen above are acceptable. [8], AO1 -Beaches, (2019) suggests that climate change is currently by far the most important stressor for ocean and coastal ecosystems.In this study the cumulative impact of 14 stressors related to human activities (including climate change, fishing, land-based pressures, and other commercial activities) on 21 different marine ecosystems globally was estimated for each . [5], chalk cliffs steeper than clay and sand, 3. knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of the chosen landform(s) and how these are related to the development through weathering, mass movement and erosional processes Coastal sediments 77. Landforms include headlands, cliffs and wave-cut platforms. cluster in North Wales e.g. Candidates may reach the conclusion that geology plays a variable part in the development of the landform(s) but a conclusion is not necessary in order to reach the top of Band 3. Clarity 3. Orientation of the coast - some sections of coastline may be exposed to stronger winds The 1982 United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) includes a specific requirement for States (under Article 194) to put measures in place to deal with pollution of the marine environment including pollutants arising from land-based sources (Kidd et al. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. isostatic recovery takes place (slowly/over a long period of time) 4. The beaches you frequent during the summer may seem to be getting smaller and smaller every year. Evidence suggests a variety of impacts to coastline ecosystems result from shoreline development, increased sediments in the water, trampling by tourists and divers, ship groundings, pollution from sewage, overfishing, and fishing with poisons and explosives that destroy coral, Since they were built in the early 20th century, there has been a steady increase in beach erosion. 774789. the changing role of wind with distance inland This means that natural wildlife or landscapes are being cut down to be used for humans. Knowledge and understanding of other processes such as wind, fluvial, estuarine, erosional process, human influence etc. the impact of the strategy on processes operating in adjacent parts of the coastal system We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Possible approaches may include: -Relief, AO1.1 a.1 b c 3 Total 10 5 15 This question requires candidates to demonstrate their ability to develop a sustained line of reasoning which is coherent, relevant, substantiated and logically structured. -Use of colour, interpretation easy? How anthropogenic factors in the back-barrier area influence tidal inlet stability: examples from the Gulf Coast of Florida, U.S.A. An assessment of the impacts of human activity in the formation of the chosen coastal landform/s. Human activities have had an impact on coastal environments almost as long as people have been using the coast. AO1 scars on the cliff face Erosion of wave cut platforms provide inputs into beach Candidates demonstrate application of knowledge and understanding to evaluate the extent to which coastal processes (and their associated landforms) impact positively on human activity. This paper bibliometrically and systematically analyzed 2,613 studies found in the Web of Science Core . In: Finkl, C.W., Makowski, C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Coastal Science. Furthermore, extraction of building materials such as sand affects coral reefs, mangroves, and hinterland forests, leading to erosion and destruction of habitats. Lack of groundwater - some areas may be drier and so the sediment dries out and easier to erode by wind Material from beach can be transported to other beaches, 17. (a) (i) Use Figure 2 to describe variations in the percentage of properties at risk from coastal erosion and flooding. 20622077. What also flows in the drains is dog poo. [2], political issues This is called an erosional coastline. AO1 -Vegetation, Discusses multiple meanings of landscape and approaches to landscape studies. As our population approaches 7 billion people, the effects of human activities on the ecosystem, including the water, air, land and the life that we share the world with, are almost immeasurable. Part of Springer Nature. Ability to pick out anomalies Click to reveal answer. water in ocean store decreases These dunes are behind the primary dune and are therefor protected from the ocean. the transport and deposition of sediment may provide opportunities for the extraction of sand and gravel Research shows that underwater noise from construction, shipping and naval vessels significantly impacts the natural behaviour of cetaceans and many other marine species. Assessment of the level of positive impacts Coastal Engineering Research Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Davis RA (1989) Management of drumstick barrier islands. Wave cut platforms Many of these are primarily the result of human actions and include ecosystem and landscape changes, sedimentation, pollution, over-abstraction and climate change.. 2019, p. 247). The content will depend upon the management strategy chosen but there are a number of threads that are worthy of credit: We are kicking off the new year by planting 2,023 trees with Ecologi! Human Activities that Affect the Ecosystem. A conclusion may be drawn in the context of the strategy chosen but a conclusion is not necessary in order to reach the top of Band 3. Assessment of the level of positive impacts with variations of economic input Used to compare different areas, and they are a useful visual aid as they can show differences clearly Examine the strengths and weaknesses of one strategy used to manage the impacts of human activity on coastal landscape systems. Identification of individual groups. Positive impacts could include the management and conservation of environmentally sensitive areas, the protection of areas of coastline from erosion as part of a shoreline management plan (SMP), where there has been an improvement of the coast as an amenity or where there is a perceived improvement in the aesthetic character of the coastline There are two types of coastal management: Hard engineering - this involves building structures to protect the coast. Allow 2 marks for development of the loss with comment on aspects such as magnitude, sections of society etc. Reading exact data figures, easy? The, Coastal Erosion is a natural process that takes place along the nations coast causing a loss of sediments in some places and deposits in others.3. Now as positive impacts of human activity on coastal landscapes add more sand, R.A., Jr., and Barnard, P.L., 2000 good.. And flooding C. ( eds ) Encyclopedia of coastal Science: period of time have the... 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