Page 5: Picture Alliance Never ask survivors in leadership, or in any other role, to share their story and never share their story for them. The Human Trafficking Foundation started a Google group, and the Freedom Collaborative initiated a COVID-19 Response Facebook group. For example, in the United States, the Departments of State, the Treasury, Commerce, and Homeland Security released the Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory to alert businesses and other entities to the reputational, economic, and legal risks of involvement with entities in or linked to Xinjiang. No reported allegations. NATO relies on contributing countries to report allegations as early as third quarter 2021. The anti-trafficking field has identified and delineated the recruitment, grooming, and exploitation practices traffickers use in various scenarios of both sex and labor trafficking. Cameroon has laws and regulations that prohibit the recruitment and use of child soldiers and the government generally enforces these provisions. In March 2013, Cabrera accepted the position of specialized prosecutor for human trafficking at the State of Mexico Attorney Generals Office. The CSPA also prohibits the issuance of licenses for direct commercial sales of military equipment to such governments. In reality, they had grown in number and in size, with hundreds of thousands of victims graduating and being sent to larger and more technologically advanced prisons under false terrorism-related charges. Trained customer-facing staff can recognize, document, and report behavioral indicators of human trafficking. These are only a few of the many manifestations of systemic racism that inhibit an effective anti-trafficking response. Trinidad and Tobago Barbados It also said the Counter Trafficking Unit the unit responsible for investigating human trafficking cases was also faced with significant challenges. Co Chairs Statements of the first (2002), second (2003), third (2009), fourth (2011), fifth (2013), sixth (2016) and seventh (2018) Declaration of the Seventh Ministerial Conference of the Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime (2018) Policy Guides & Handbooks: Bali Process Working Group on Trafficking in Persons, Agreement on the Cooperation of the CIS Member States in Combating Trafficking in Persons, Human Organs and Tissues (2005), COMMIT Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation Against Trafficking in Greater Mekong Sub-Region (2004), United Nations Action for Cooperation against Trafficking in Persons, A Vision for the Baltic Sea region by 2020, CBSS Summit 2010, Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings (TF-THB), COE Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings (2005), ECOWAS Initial Plan of Action against Trafficking in Persons, Directive 2011/36/EU on Combating and Preventing Trafficking in Human Beings and Protecting its Victims EU Anti-Trafficking Action 2017-2019, European Union Anti-Trafficking Coordinator, FATF REPORT Financial Flows from Human Trafficking (2018), Arab Framework Act on Combating Trafficking in Persons (2008), Work Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons in the Western Hemisphere 2010-2012 (AG/RES. More than 175 countries have ratified or acceded to the UN TIP Protocol which defines trafficking in persons and contains obligations to prevent and combat the crime. Many reputable sources publish information online to help the public understand when information being shared about human trafficking is misleading or false. In the long term, private-sector collaboration should aim to improve the ability of companies to withstand shocks from crises that could leave portions of their workforce vulnerable to trafficking. Rachel Fox Smothermon 1. Page v: Panos Pictures/Karen Robinson Governments and anti-trafficking organizations responded to the increased vulnerabilities due to the pandemic through efforts to reduce the risk of trafficking and expand protection measures for victims. PKO funds may also support International Code of Conduct Association efforts to improve oversight of private security contractors at the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) to ensure that UNMISS is able to fulfill its mandate of protection of civilians to help enable the peace process to succeed. Heather Fisher Police officers, immigration officers, customs officers and coast guard officers were also included in the extensive network of traffickers of humans in TT. Supporting the Reintegration of Trafficked Persons: A Guidebook for the Greater Mekong Sub-Region: https://cbss.org/our-work/safe-secure-region/anti-trafficking/, Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings Strategic Plan 2020-2025, Human Trafficking 2020 Baltic Sea Round-up Report, Guidelines for journalists reporting on cases of human trafficking: Media and Trafficking in Human Beings (2019), Task Force Against Trafficking in Human Beings, http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/trafficking/, Reports: https://www.coe.int/en/web/anti-human-trafficking/general-reports, 9th General Report on GRETAs Activities (2019), https://www.coe.int/en/web/anti-human-trafficking/general-reports, Guidance Note on the entitlement of victims of trafficking, and persons at risk of being trafficked, to international protection, Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), ECOWAS Declaration on the Fight against Trafficking in Persons (2001), Joint ECOWAS/ECCAS Regional Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2006-2008), http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/index.action, Third report on the progress made in the fight against trafficking in human beings (2020) as required under Article 20 of Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, https://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/content/images/Human-Trafficking-2018.pdf, Arab Initiative to Combat Trafficking in Persons, 2010, Comprehensive Arab Strategy for Combating, Trafficking in Human Beings (CASCTHB), Council of Arab Ministers of Justice Resolution 15/2/2012, http://www.oas.org/dsp/english/cpo_trata_dia_mundial.asp, Second Work Plan against Trafficking in Persons in the Western Hemi-sphere 2015-2018 (extended to 2020), Hemispheric Efforts against Trafficking in Persons Declaration of Mexico (2018), Advancing Hemispheric Security: A Multidimensional Approach (AG/RES. Some employees of NGOs that help identify and provide services to survivors of human trafficking have even faced threats of violence by followers of these theories. 5. With proper training and guidance, financial institutions and designated non-financial businesses are able to identify illicit finance related to human trafficking and report potential cases. Crystal Hill Such interference can have damaging effects on the ability of law enforcement, NGOs, and other victim service providers to respond to real cases. Syria The integration of a victim-centered approach into system-wide efforts on sexual exploitation and abuse, including risks to beneficiaries and others associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, was strengthened in 2020. COVID-19 generated conditions that increased the number of people who experienced vulnerabilities to human trafficking and interrupted existing and planned anti-trafficking interventions. Page 25: Panos Pictures/Karen Robinson Human trafficking is the act of recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing or obtaining a person for compelled labor or commercial sex acts through the use of force, fraud or coercion. Interpol said authorities rescued about 430 human . For instance, advocates, survivors, and other experts have found that ingrained racial biases and stereotypes, which were created as a way to dehumanize certain racial communities to justify their exploitation and exclusion, hinder progress in anti-trafficking efforts because they lead to racially disparate assumptions about who is a trafficker and who should have access to victim protection and services. This included individuals who reshared CSEM content in hopes of helping the victim and raising awareness, but inadvertently contributed to reporting spikes leaving less time and resources to pursue every incident. This waiver will allow the United States to continue to provide the assistance, support, and human rights training necessary to achieve these goals, and to help Iraq build its capacity to conduct effective, sustained counterterrorism operations against ISIS. Traffickers, in turn, factor these racial biases and stereotypes into schemes and strategies aimed at reducing their own risk of getting caught while increasing the risk of law enforcement improperly penalizing victims. If a separate room is not available, a child-friendly corner of a larger interview room can also serve as a designated section that is welcoming to children. Page 18-19: Mushfiqual Alam Victims and survivors faced obstacles accessing assistance and support as lockdowns, social distancing protocols, and a lack of resources caused service providers to close shelters and reduce services. Additional assistance will be obligated during FY 2021. International Military Education and Training $540,950 Proactive partnerships between governments, financial institutions, law enforcement, civil society, and survivor experts are critical to identifying illicit financial activity associated with human trafficking. The office uses information from the US Embassy, government and public officials, survivors of human trafficking, non-governmental and international organisations, published reports, news articles, academic studies, consultations with authorities, along with other sources. While acknowledging these leaders, we recognize that many of us have also been touched by trauma, whether through loss of a loved one, our own illness, or dealing with large-scale lockdowns and extreme uncertainty. The cost of the projects with a specific focus on countering the trafficking of people in TT came up to about US$5.2 million. Countries in the 2021 TIP Report that are not Party to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking In Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, Bhutan Acknowledging the emotional weight of bringing trafficking-related casework into ones home, survivor-led and survivor-informed organizations were mindful of staff needs when managing cases remotely, offering resources and opportunities to support the staffs emotional well-being. As vulnerabilities increase and human traffickers quickly adapt, governments must take steps to address anti-trafficking efforts in their COVID-19 strategies, including by supporting and cooperating with the anti-trafficking community as it adjusts to the pandemic operating environment. Its not that people of color do more drugs, are more engaged in criminal behavior, its that they are more vulnerable, more targeted by the police for prostitution and other crimes. Disrespecting survivor leaders and their experiences hurts and further exploits survivors, who are key stakeholders in the anti-trafficking movement, and it ultimately perpetuates a harmful and deficient understanding of what it means to be survivor-informed. With her determination, endless work, and leadership while working in the federal governments Specialized Investigations Office on Organized Crime, Mexico obtained its first criminal sentencing for crimes involving human trafficking and organized crime in June 2011. For example, experts have developed techniques to link some cryptocurrency transaction records to online commercial sex advertisements, which can provide additional information on human trafficking networks. Every year adults and, to a lesser extent, children migrate voluntarily to countries in the Middle East to work in a variety of sectors, such as agriculture, construction, and domestic service. b. participation in international sex tourism by nationals of the country. At the same time, human traffickers quickly adapted to capitalize on the vulnerabilities exposed and exacerbated by the pandemic. Palau When we couldnt pay, we slept on subways, in empty warehouses, in cars, or on couches. Bolivia The human trafficking of Iranian women and girls has become one of the country's main social crises. Ericka Moten New Zealand A force of nature, she has prioritized achieving systemic change through grassroots action and effective networking. Page 9: Picture Alliance At the age of 10, Salih and his schoolmates went outside to play soccer after the school day finished. Reports of human rights violations attributable to state security forces is on a downward trend. The OSCE provides workshops and training to participating States on preventing trafficking in the organizations supply chains, and identifying and protecting trafficking victims. Page iii: Steve McCurry/Magnum Photos Tonga 3. Page 627: Panos/Dieter Telemans For example, Winrock Internationals How to Build Cross-Sectoral Collaboration to Protect Workers in the Age of COVID-19, seeks to initiate cross-sector collaboration and provide guidance for the private sector and anti-trafficking organizations to address increased vulnerability to human trafficking, particularly forced labor, for job seekers, migrant workers, and individuals from vulnerable communities. 106-386, 108, as amended. Leading by example, the OSR/CTHBs collaboration with the Secretariats Procurement and Contracting Unit provided for the development of internal measures and capacities to prevent TIP in the OSCEs procurement. 2020 - 2021 Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. Many organizations have published collaborative reports, such as Road to Recovery produced by Restore NYC, a U.S.-based service provider, in partnership with eight other anti-trafficking organizations, many of which were survivor-led and from various regions of the country, to present shared experiences and findings from service provision and organizational adaptations during COVID-19, as well as forward-looking takeaways. In addition, PKO and IMET funding has supported areas such as military justice, civil-military relations, human rights training, IHL training, English language training, military engineering, and resource management and logistics, which not only enhances security provision, but also helps make the FARDC a more transparent, accountable institution. Countries in Violation of the Standards Under the CSPA in 2020. This year, the TIP Report introduction examines the emerging trends, challenges, and adaptations to global anti-trafficking efforts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The United States recognizes two primary forms of trafficking in persons: forced labor and sex trafficking. Amy ONeill Richard Mauritius The United States provides targeted assistance to strengthen key Libyan institutions and build security capacity, promote political reconciliation, and increase Libyas capacity to stand on its own through more effective governance. In addition, some service providers offered telephone and online counseling and legal aid sessions, including filing temporary protection orders by email and providing legal representation via online platforms. Recruitment and use of child soldiers by the CJTF, a non-governmental self-defense force that receives limited support from the Borno State government, contributed to Nigerias listing under the CSPA from 2015-2018 due to its past use of children. 333 in support of U.S. national interests in fighting terrorism, countering violent extremist organizations and illicit smuggling. As a result, this years TIP Report introduction highlights human trafficking issues related to COVID-19, with special focus on how anti-trafficking stakeholders adapted in rapidly changing environments. Daniel Evensen Having a family member as the main perpetrator and trafficker may also result in many victims feeling unable to speak about the experiences they endured due to the shame it may bring upon their families, communities, and themselves. Poland Thus, it is imperative to stop the spread of misinformation, including conspiracy theories, both to combat sex and labor trafficking and to prevent violent extremism and counter threats to U.S. national security. South Sudan is party to the OPAC, and in 2019, armed groups released an additional 259 child soldiers, and established a process for identifying others to UNICEF through the Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) commission, established under the R-ARCSS. Renee Huffman Despite this, the successes, the failures, and even the unknown results of the anti-trafficking response to COVID-19 allowed for new insights and solutions to pave a better path forward. Guedet Mandzela |Gabon, Stopping Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by International Peacekeepers and Civilian Personnel, International, Regional, and Sub-Regional Organizations Combating Trafficking In Persons, Annual Report on the Use of Child Soldiers, Sections 405(c) and (d) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act (CSPA) of 2008 (22 U.S.C. First, child-friendly spaces provide a calm and reassuring physical environment. To navigate the challenges posed by stretched resources, competing priorities, and reduced capacity or political will of governments to combat trafficking, governments and NGOs should consider systemically integrating anti-trafficking efforts into existing response plans and practices in humanitarian and crisis contexts. Michelle Cooper Bloom All countries must continually increase efforts to combat trafficking. In Haiti, Niger, and Mali, gangs operating in IDP camps took advantage of reduced security and limited protection to force residents at the camp to perform commercial sex acts. The inequities created by systemic racism have survived in part because of the intentional destruction of certain racial groups social support networks. Building the capacity of the Republic of Yemen Government to meet these goals furthers important U.S. government security interests to include enhancing homeland security, while simultaneously moving toward the goal of ending the war in Yemen. Shoichi Ibusuki has been an unrelenting champion of protecting foreign workers rights, and he has worked tirelessly for years on behalf of foreign technical trainees to assist victims of forced labor and prevent abuse within Japans Technical Intern Training Program. Additionally it will improve or develop national referral systems and strengthen trafficking-in-people data collection, analysis and reporting. The CTU also reported challenges in obtaining, preserving and authenticating other evidence such as using cell phones, or financial data to corroborate trafficking network affiliations to add charges under existing and money-laundering laws.. Getoria Berry Do you get to choose to be abused in a society where death is the alternative? The embassy spokesman said there were three main programmes through which the US Embassy and Department of State were co-ordinating counter-trafficking in TT. Zambia Domestic workers are often isolated and may work alone in a house. Cuba It also offers an opportunity to improve civil-military relations and influence the next generation of FARDC leadership at a time when the government is undertaking initiatives to transform that historically strained relationship. The Government of the DRC is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers and these efforts have accelerated since President Tshisekedi took office in January. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Trafficking in Persons, https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/index.html, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/hlpf, The Inter-agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT), Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (A/RES/55/25) (2000), United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (A/RES/64/293) (2010), Political Declaration on the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2017) (A/RES/72/1), UNSC Resolutions on Trafficking in Persons in Conflict Situations 2331 (2016) , 2388 (2017) and 2493 (2019 S/RES/2493 ), UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons (2020), Legislative Guide for the Implementation of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (2020), Model Legislative Provisions against Trafficking in Persons (2020), Female Victims of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation as Defendants (2021), UNODC Toolkit for Mainstreaming Human Rights and Gender Equality into Criminal Justice Intervention to Address Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants (2021), UN Sustainable Development Goal targets 5.2, 8.7, and 16.2 (SDGs), http://www.ilo.org/sapfl/Informationresources/ILOPublications/Byregion/Global/langen/index.htm, http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:1:0, -P029 Protocol of 2014 and Recommendation R203, supplementing the Forced Labour Convention (1930), -C105 Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (1957), -C182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (1999), -C189 Domestic Workers Convention, and its Recommendation R201 (2011), ILO training package on inspection of labour conditions on board fishing vessels (2020), UN Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, UN Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography, AU Commission Initiative against Trafficking Campaign (AU.COMMIT), October 1, 2020, Virtual Event, 2nd Virtual Technical Meeting on Data Collection on Irregular Migration and Associated Protection Risks towards the Production of a Statistical Report on Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling in the Horn of Africa and Surrounding Region, January 23-24, 2020, Bishoftu, Ethiopia, National Stakeholder Workshop on the AU-Horn of Africa Mainstreaming Initiative for Countering Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling, (EU/Horn of Africa Migration Route Initiative), Khartoum Declaration on AU-Horn of Africa Initiative on Human Trafficking and Smuggling of Migrants (2014), Valletta Summit Political Declaration (2015), EU-Africa Action Plan on Migration and Mobility (2014-2017), ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2015), ASEAN Plan of Action Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2015), The Bali Process Guidelines for Information Sharing to Address People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime, The Bali Process Handbook on Addressing Irregular Migration through Effective Information Campaigns, The Bali Process Policy Guides on Criminalizing Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons, The Bali Process Policy Guides on Identification and Protection of Victims of Trafficking, The Bali Process Policy Guide on Following the Money in Trafficking in Persons Cases, The Bali Process Policy Guide on Returns and Reintegration, Protecting Migrants at Sea: Practical Guide to Fulfilling International Obligations, Corruption as a facilitator of smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons (2021), Program of Cooperation between the CIS Member States against Trafficking in Persons for 20142018, COMMIT 4th Sub-Regional Plan of Action (COMMIT SPA IV 2015-2018)Victim Identification and Referral Mechanisms: Common Guidelines for the Greater Mekong Sub-region. 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